Oil-well jack and pumping apparatus



(Nb Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

.B. B. SMITH & H; BENARD. OIL WELL JACK AND PUMPING APPARATUS.

No. 569,068. Patented Oct. 6, 1896.

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(N0 Model.) 2 SheetsSheej; 2. B. B. SMITH 81; H. BENARD. OIL WELL JACK AND PUMPING-APPARATUS.

166669 66, Patented 066. 6, I896.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN B. SMITH AND HENRY BENARD, OF FREMONT, OHIO.

OIL-WELL JACK AND PUMPING APPARATUS.

FSPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 569,068, dated October 6, 1896.-

' Application fil d November 5, 1895. Serial No. 568,068. (No model.)

- do hereby declare the following to be a full,

clear, and exact description of theinvention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which pertains to make and use the same.

Our invention relates to improvements in oil-well jacks and pumping apparatus.

One object of our invention is to retain the pump-rod in a plumb or vertical position during the operation of the pump. Another object of our invention is to provide mechanism whereby the pump-rod is automatically given a fractional turn at suitable intervals of time and to enable the pump-rod to be thus turned with little power.

Vith these objects in view and to the end of attaining certain other advantages hereinafter specified our invention consists in certain features of construction and combinations of parts hereinafter described,and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an oil-well jack and pumping apparatus embodying ourinvention. Fig. 2 is a plan relative to Fig. 1. In these figures the pump-rod is shown in its extreme lower position. Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the pump-rod in its extreme upper position. Fig. 4 is a top plan relative to Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a transverse section on line 5 5, Fig. 3, looking upwardly. Fig. 6 is a vertical section on line 6 6, Fig. 5. The parts exhibited in Figs. 5 and 6 are shown on a larger scale in those figures than in the remaining drawings.

Referring to the drawings, A designates the upright pump-rod; B, the upright tube through which the pump-rod extends, and the bore Z) of which tube, as shown in dotted lines, Figs. 1 and 3, is somewhat larger in diameter than the pump-rod. D designates the case that embraces the upper portion of tube B a suitable distance from the upper extremity of said tube. A stationary inverted- V- shaped frame is provided and consists, preferably, of two pairs of parallelly-arranged beams. E E designate the members of one of said pairs of beams, and G G designate the members of the other pair of beams. Beams E and G converge upwardly to form the inverted-V-shaped frame and are secured together at their upper ends in any approved manner. braced apart or tied together in any approved manner, and beams G Gat their lower ends are suitably secured to case D. A bell-crank lever I is horizontally fulcrumed at I to and between the upper ends of beams E E and G G. The one or depending arm of said bellcrank lever is operatively connected at its lower end with the one end of suitably-actuated rods J, that are shown extending in a horizontal or approximately horizontal plane past opposite sides, respectively, of tube B above case D, and at their other ends are operatively connected in any approved manner with an engine or motor. (Not shown.) The other arm of said bell-crank lever extends in the direction of the pump-rod and at its free end'is shown terminating in a fork 1 each member whereof supports a horizontally-pivoted roller K.

Each roller K is preferably mounted upon a horizontally-arranged pin K, suitably secured to the supporting member of the bellcrank-lever fork. The two members of fork l and consequently rollers K K, are located at opposite sides, respectively, of the pumprod, as shown more clearly in Fig. 6, and engage two collars A A rigidly mounted upon the pump-rod above and below the rollers, respectively. Collars A and A are preferably removably secured to the pump-rod by means of set-screws a.

By the construction thus far described it will be observed that the pump-rod is reciprocated vertically upon the actuation of rods J.

To prevent the paraffin found with petr0- leum from seriously accumulating within tube B and clogging the space between the the internal surface of said tube and the pump-rod, it is necessary to give the rod a fractional turn only occasionally and not too frequently, if churning of the upwardly-passing oil is to be avoided. The necessity of turning the pump-rod has heretofore occasioned much trouble and annoyance and dc lay in the operation of the jack and pumping apparatus. It must be borne in mind that The parallelly-arranged beams are the pump-rod of an oil-well jack or pumping apparatus is very longperhaps three thou sand feet in length-and is consequently very heavy, and any construction whereby the turning of the rod is rendered easy and does not require the application of great power is not unimportant.

By the hereinbefore described construction wherein the pump-rod is mounted upon horizontally-pivoted rollersor revolving bearingsurfaces borne by the operating bell-crank lever, it is obvious that the pump-rod can be readily turned, and turned by hand, if necessary.

To efiectually avoid a serious accumulation of paraffin between the pump-rod and internal surface of tube B in the operative position of the pump and to avoid churning of the oil in preventing the clogging of the oil passage-way by the paraffin, the pumprod should be given a fractional turn at suitable intervals of time during the operation of the pump-that is, the pump-rod, so far as its intermittent rotary movement is concerned, should remain at rest a suitable interva-lof time between the fractional turns given to the rod in the operation of the pump. The rod should be automatically turned and at equal intervals of time. The pump-rod, by giving it a fractional turn at suitable intervals of time and allowing it a good rest, so far as rotary movement is concerned, between the fractional turns, will be shifted into contact with every portion of the internal surface of tube B and move and loosen any accumulation of paraffin in the oil passage-way between said rod and the internal surface of the surrounding tube, and the paraffin, by the up -and-down and rotary movement and lateral movement of the pumprod within the oil passage-way, will be prevented from permanently accumulating in said passage-way and rendered free to be carried up with the oil.

The means employed for automatically effectin g the fractional turn given to the pumprod and for retaining thelatter in the desired plumb or vertical position during the operation of the pump is as follows: A ratchetwheel L is rigid or integral with the upper end of the upper collarA, and is consequently operatively connected with the pump-rod. A horizontally-arranged pawl-bearing arm or member M is journaled upon the pump-rod next above ratchet-wheel L, and another ratchet-wheel O is loosely but snugly mounted upon the pump-rod next above the pawl-bearing member M. Acollar Pis loosely mounted upon the pump-rod next above ratchet-wheel 0. Two brackets R are secured to opposite sides, respectively,cf the upper end of the inverted-V-shaped frame and are located between said frame and the pump-rodand project in the direction of said rod. To and at or near the outer end of each bracket R is horizontally pivoted at S one end of a link S. Links S extend from their pivotal bearings S in the direction of the inner ends of brackets R, and each link S, at or near its opposite end, is horizontally pivoted at S to ver is operatively connected at its outer end by means of alink W with the pawl-bearing arm or member M.

M designates the pawl that is vertically pi'voted to member M and is adapted to engage the teeth of ratchet-wheel Oand turn said wheel upon the pump-rod. Ratchet-wheels O and L have the same number of teeth. Ratchet-wheel O is larger in diameter "than ratchet-wheel L, and the toothed periphery'of wheel 0 projects beyond the toothed periplrcry of wheel L. Hence pawl M is capable of turning ratchet-wheel 0 without operatively engaging ratchet-wheel L; Ratchetwheel 0 is provided with any suitable nonrber of notches 0' between adjacent teeth'of its toothed periphery, and in the casei'l'lustrated is provided with one notch O"betwcn the adjacent teeth and registering with-aspec s between two adjacent teeth of wheel L. A

spring M suitably supported from member M, engages and retains pawl M in engagement with wheel 0, and the pawl when inenters notch 0 during the rotation of ratchetwheel 0 operatively engages ratchet-wheel- L, and thereupon turns the latter, and house quently the pump-rod simultaneously with the loose ratchet-wheel O. Ratchet-wheelO should not be mounted too loosely upon the pump-rod, but should quite snugly engage the rod, so that a little force will be required to turn the wheel.

By the construction shown the pump rod,

it will be observed, is given a fractional turn once during each complete rotation of ratchet-wheel O, and the pump-rod is given a good rest between the fractional turns it receives. Suppose that ratchet-wheels O and L have twenty-nine teeth, as in the case illustrated, and suppose that the arrangement and adjustment of parts are such that the pawl will turn said ratchet-wheel one tooth at a time. Ratchet-wheel 0 will be given twenty-eight fractional turns before operative connection is established between the pawl and ratchet-wheel L or before a fractional turn is given to the pump-rod, and in this case it is obvious that the pump-rod is given a fractional turn once during twentynine upward strokes of the pump=rod, and

'hence the pump-rod receives a fractional turn at equal intervals of time during the operation of the pump. The number of notches of the ratchet-wheel should be a prime nunrber, so that if the length of stroke of the pump-rod is modified, as occasion may require, and pawl M shall move ratchet-wheel 0 two or more teeth at a time the pump-rod will still be given a fractional turn at equal intervals of time during the operation of the pump. The ratchet-wheels in the case illustrated have respectively twenty-nine teeth, and twenty-nine is a prime and consequently suitable number for the purpose. If, therefore, the pawl turns ratchet-wheel 0 two teeth at a time and said ratchet-wheel has only one deep notch 0, it is obvious that said wheel, after the reception of a fractional turn by wheel L and pump-rod, will make two complete rotations before notch 0 shall again register with a space between two adjacent teeth of wheel L, and consequently the pumprod will still be given a fractional turn once during twenty-nine upstrokes of said rod,and it follows that if the pawl were adapted to move ratchet-wheel 0 three teeth at a time the pump-rod would still be given a fractional turn during twenty-nine upstrokes of the rod.

The mechanism involving links S T, lever U, and collar P is instrumental in retaining the pump-rod in a plumb or vertical position during the operation of the pump, and pawl M, being operatively-connected with lever U, and consequently with lever I, in the manner shown, will, by the arrangement of parts shown, be actuated with each downstroke of the pump-rod in the direction required to move ratchet-wheel 0.

What we claim is 1. The combination with the upright pumprod, the stationary frame provided with two brackets R arranged a suitable distance apart, and a suitably-actuated and horizontally-pivoted bell-crank lever I arranged between said brackets and operatively connected with the pump-rod, of the collar P suitably supported upon the pump-rod a suitable distance above the aforesaid connection of the bell-crank lever with said rod, and the lever mechanism comprising the links S and T and lever U arranged and operating substantially as shown, for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the upright pumprod provided with two collars A A rigid with the rod and located a suitable distance apart, a suitably-supported and suitably-actuated vertically-tilting lever extending between the aforesaid collars and provided with revoluble bearings interposed between the aforesaid collars and supporting the pump-rod, and suitable means for automatically giving the pump-rod a fractional turn at suitable intervals of time during the operation of the pump, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination with the suitably-reciprocated upright pump-rod,. of a wheel toothed upon its periphery and operatively connected with the pump-rod, another wheel toothed on the periphery and loosely mounted upon said rod, and the loosely-mounted wheel having a notch between two adjacent teeth, a suitably-actuated pawl arranged adj acent to both of said wheel's,whioh pawl operatively engages the loosely-mounted toothed wheel and is adapted to operatively engage the other toothed Wheel upon its engagement with the aforesaid notch, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. The combination with the suitably-reciprocated upright pump rod, of a wheel toothed upon its periphery and operatively connected with the pump-rod,another and diametrically larger wheel toothed on the periphery and loosely mounted upon the pump-rod, and the two wheels having a corresponding number of teeth, and the'wheel having the larger diameter being provided with a notch between two adjacent teeth, which notch registers with aspace between two adjacent teeth in the other wheel, an automatically-actuated pawl arranged adjacent to both of said wheels, which pawl operatively engages the toothed wheel havingthe greatest diameter, and is adapted to operative] y engage the other toothedwheel upon its engagement with the aforesaid notch, and suitable means acting to retain the pawl in engagement with the pawlaotuated wheel or wheels, substantially as shown, for the purpose specified.

5. The combination of the upright pumprod provided with two collars A A rigid with the rod and located a suitable distance apart, a suitably-supported and suitably-actuated vertically-tilting lever extending between the aforesaid collars and provided with revoluble bearings interposed between the aforesaid collars and supporting the pump-rod, a ratchet wheelL operatively connected with the pumprod, a ratchet-wheel O mounted upon said rod so as to be capable of turning independently of the rod and having a larger diameter than the first-mentioned ratchet-wheehboth of said wheels having a corresponding number of teeth and the diametrically larger wheel being provided with a notch between two of its adjacent teeth, which notch registers with the space between two adjacent teeth in the diametrically smaller wheel, an arm or member M journaled upon the pump-rod between the two ratchet-wheels, a pawl M pivoted vertically to said arm, said pawl engaging the larger ratchet-wheel and arranged to engage both ratchet-wheels when it enters the aforesaid notch during the rotation of the larger wheel, a spring acting to retain the pawl in engagement with the ratchet wheel or wheels, and lever mechanism operatively connecting said pawl with the aforesaid tilting lever, substantially as shown, for the purpose specified.

6. The combination with the suitably-reciprocated upright pump rod, of a wheel toothed upon its periphery and operatively connectedwith said rod,another wheel toothed upon its periphery and loosely mounted upon said rod, and each of said wheels having a prime number of teeth ,and the loosely-mount ed wheel having a notch between two adjacent teeth, a suitably-actuated pawl arranged adjacent to both of said wheels and operatively engaging the loosely-mounted wheel and adapted to operatively engage the other wheel upon its engagement with the aforesaid notch, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. The combination with the suitably-recipl'ocated upright pump rod, of a wheel toothed upon its periphery and operatively connected with the pump-rod, another and diametrically larger wheel toothed on the periphery and loosely mounted upon the pumprod and the two wheels having a corresponding and prime number of teeth, and the diametrically larger wheel being provided, between two adjacent teeth with a notch registering with a space between two adjacent 

